Autism has long been thought of as more common in boys, but new research is challenging this narrative. In this post, we'll explore the gender differences in autism, the reasons behind the diagnostic gap, and the unique ways autism can present itself, including how it intersects with gender identity.
Autism and the Diagnostic Gender Gap
Historically, autism has been seen as a predominantly male condition. Early research indicated that boys were four times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls. This assumption created a diagnostic bias, with assessments often built around male presentations of autism. Consequently, girls and women were underdiagnosed, especially those who exhibited subtler forms of the condition.
How Autism Presents Differently in Genders
One of the key reasons for the diagnostic gender gap is that autism can manifest differently in girls. While boys often exhibit externalised behaviours, such as repetitive actions or strong, narrow interests, girls are more likely to mask their symptoms. Masking refers to the conscious or unconscious effort to hide autistic traits by mimicking socially acceptable behaviour. Girls may develop coping mechanisms that make their autism less noticeable, such as imitating peers or using scripted language in social settings.
Autistic girls are also more likely to have interests that align with societal expectations, such as animals or art, rather than the stereotypical 'niche' interests seen in autistic boys. This can lead to a misinterpretation of their behaviours as shyness or anxiety, rather than as traits of autism.
Autism and Gender Identity
Another area of growing research is the link between autism and gender identity. Autistic individuals are more likely to identify as gender-diverse or non-binary compared to their neurotypical peers. This intersection between autism and gender identity raises important questions about how social norms and sensory sensitivities influence one's understanding and expression of gender.
For some, rigid societal gender roles may feel particularly constraining, leading autistic individuals to challenge traditional norms. Additionally, many autistic people experience heightened sensory awareness, which can affect how they feel about their body and gendered experiences. Recognising the importance of providing inclusive and affirming support for autistic people navigating gender identity is crucial.
Beyond the Gender Binary: Autism in Everyone
It’s also important to acknowledge that autism doesn't exclusively affect males or females. Many non-binary and gender-diverse individuals also experience autism, adding complexity to how we understand neurodiversity. An inclusive approach to autism diagnosis and support must consider the full spectrum of gender identity.
Understanding the gender differences in autism is essential to providing better support for all autistic people. By recognising the varied ways autism can present and addressing the diagnostic gender gap, we can move toward more inclusive and accurate identification, ensuring that no one is left behind.
