What is Autism?

In this lesson, we explore the concept of autism beyond common misconceptions. We introduce a neuro-affirming definition, discuss various perspectives, and highlight the importance of language in framing our understanding.

Causes of Autism

Autism does not have one single known cause; instead, it develops through a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Researchers are still learning how these influences work together, but it is clear that autism is multifactorial and unique to each individual.

Importance of Language

Language shapes how we perceive and include autistic people, so choosing respectful, empowering terms is essential. Many autistic individuals prefer identity-first language because it recognises autism as a valued part of who they are, though preferences vary and should always be respected.

Lived Experiences: Hearing from Autistic People

Listening to autistic people is essential because their lived experiences provide the most accurate understanding of autism and guide more inclusive, effective support. Prioritising autistic voices ensures that conversations, decisions, and policies truly reflect their needs, strengths, and perspectives.

End of Module Review

Gender and Cultural Differences

Autism doesn’t look the same for everyone—gender and culture can shape how autistic traits are recognised and expressed. Understanding these differences helps create more inclusive and accurate support for all autistic individuals.

Masking

Masking is when an autistic person suppresses or hides their autistic traits to fit in with societal expectations. This can include forcing eye contact, mimicking social behaviours, or suppressing stims.

Stimming

Stimming, short for self-stimulatory behaviour, refers to repetitive movements, sounds or actions often seen in autistic individuals.

Sensory Differences

Autistic people may experience heightened or reduced sensitivity to sensory input, such as sounds, lights, and textures.

Eating and Autism: Sensory Issues with Food

For many autistic individuals, mealtimes can be challenging due to sensory sensitivities related to food.

Review

Autism in Childhood

Autistic children may communicate, play and learn differently, and noticing these early signs helps us support them better. With understanding and the right environment, autistic children can feel safe, included and able to succeed.

Autism in Adolescence

Autistic teens may struggle with fitting in, mental health, and the move into adulthood, so developing self-acceptance and receiving the right support is vital. With understanding and guidance, they can build confidence and thrive as they grow.

Autism in Adulthood

Being diagnosed autistic in adulthood can be both relieving and overwhelming, as people make sense of their past and learn what support they need. Understanding, accommodations, and community support help autistic adults succeed at work, in relationships, and in independent living.

Review

Practical Strategies for Supporting Autistic People

There are many practical strategies that can help autistic individuals navigate the world more comfortably and successfully. These strategies can be implemented at home, school, work, and in social situations.

Creating Inclusive and Neuroaffirming Environments

In addition to using practical strategies, it’s crucial to create environments that are supportive, inclusive, and understanding. Whether at home, school, or work, creating a neuroaffirming space encourages autistic individuals to be themselves, fostering a sense of safety and belonging.

Advocacy and Supporting Autistic Voices

Advocacy is about ensuring that autistic individuals have a voice in decisions that affect their lives. This can involve supporting their self-advocacy efforts and standing alongside them as allies.

Review